{"id":8483,"date":"2026-04-20T10:05:29","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T02:05:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.camcjsw-testmachines.com\/?p=8483"},"modified":"2026-04-20T10:12:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T02:12:40","slug":"industry-standard-metals-astm-e345-93-standard-test-methods-of-tension-testing-of-metallic-foil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.camcjsw-testmachines.com\/ru\/industry-standard-metals-astm-e345-93-standard-test-methods-of-tension-testing-of-metallic-foil\/","title":{"rendered":"Industry Standard \u2013 Metals \u2013 ASTM E345-93\u00a0\u2013 Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8483\" class=\"elementor elementor-8483\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-067c2ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"067c2ba\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10a6f1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"10a6f1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Metallic Foil Tension Testing?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9cbab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9cbab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Metallic foil tension testing, as defined by ASTM E345, is a specialized mechanical evaluation method designed to determine the strength and ductility of metallic materials in very thin gauges (less than 0.006 in. or 0.150 mm). Unlike standard tensile tests for bulk materials (ASTM E8), this standard addresses the unique challenges of handling, gripping, and measuring extremely thin specimens that are prone to tearing, buckling, and edge defects. It provides specific procedures for specimen preparation (machining vs. shearing), thickness determination (weighing vs. micrometry), and gripping techniques to ensure valid data for quality control, alloy development, and design applications involving foils used in electronics, packaging, and aerospace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5922516 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5922516\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fced0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fced0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is a typical Metallic Foil Tension Test Result?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f91aa8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f91aa8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The results provide key mechanical properties adapted for thin-gauge materials:<\/p><p>\u2460 Tensile Strength: The maximum stress the foil can withstand, calculated by dividing the maximum load by the original cross-sectional area. Due to the thinness, accurate area determination is critical.<\/p><p>\u2461 Yield Strength: Determined by the offset method (typically 0.2%) or the extension-under-load method. The standard specifies strict strain rates (0.002 to 0.010 in.\/in.\u00b7min) during yield determination to ensure accuracy.<\/p><p>\u2462 Elongation: A measure of ductility. For Type A specimens, it is measured over a 2-in. gage length marked on the specimen. For Type B specimens, it can be derived from grip separation or chart recordings, acknowledging that elongation values become less reliable as thickness decreases.<\/p><p>\u2463 Thickness Accuracy: A critical derived parameter. For soft foils or those \u22640.002 in., thickness is often determined by weighing (per ASTM E252) rather than direct measurement to achieve \u00b12% accuracy, avoiding errors from micrometer pressure.<\/p><p>\u2464 Specimen Integrity: Qualitative assessment of edge quality. Specimens with visible scratches, creases, or edge discontinuities (checked at 20x magnification) are rejected, as these defects disproportionately affect foil strength.<\/p><p>\u2465 Fracture Location: Validity check ensuring fracture occurs within the gage length (and specifically within the middle half for Type A elongation tests); otherwise, the test is discarded.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f63a43 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1f63a43\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3188f1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3188f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Discovery and Evolution of Foil Testing<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09ce822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09ce822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the use of metallic foils expanded in the mid-20th century for capacitors, shielding, and flexible circuits, standard tensile methods proved inadequate. Conventional grips crushed thin foils, and micrometers distorted them, leading to erroneous data. ASTM E345 was developed to codify best practices for these delicate materials, introducing the &#8220;weighing method&#8221; for thickness and specific specimen geometries (Type A and Type B) to mitigate buckling and edge effects. The 1993 version (reapproved 2002) refined specimen preparation techniques, distinguishing between machined edges for harder materials and sheared edges for softer ones, and established clear criteria for rejecting defective specimens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ff51f0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9ff51f0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acaed03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"acaed03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ASTM E345-93 distinguishes itself from general tensile standards by:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06af1e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06af1e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thickness Measurement: Prioritizing the gravimetric (weighing) method for thin\/soft foils to avoid compression errors inherent in micrometers.<\/p><p>Specimen Preparation: Allowing sheared edges (Type B) for soft materials while mandating machined and polished edges for others, with strict visual inspection criteria.<\/p><p>Gripping Protocols: Specifying smooth-faced grips and buffer materials for ultra-thin gauges to prevent grip-induced fractures.<\/p><p>Buckling Prevention: Recommending specific fillet radii and grip widths for Type A specimens to avoid lateral instability during loading.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-700a3d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"700a3d5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d56440e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d56440e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The key contents covered by the standard include:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3e13d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3e13d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scope: Applicable to metallic foils &lt;0.006 in. thick.<\/p><p>Apparatus: Requirements for testing machines (ASTM E4), wedge vs. smooth grips, and thickness measuring devices.<\/p><p>Specimens: Detailed dimensions for Type A (machined) and Type B (sheared\/parallel) specimens.<\/p><p>Procedures: Step-by-step guides for specimen preparation (milling, shearing, polishing), thickness calculation, and testing speeds.<\/p><p>Calculations: Methods for determining yield strength (offset\/extension), tensile strength, and elongation, including rounding rules.<\/p><p>Replacement Criteria: Specific conditions under which a test result can be discarded (e.g., fracture outside gage length, equipment malfunction).<\/p><p>Reporting: Mandatory data points including alloy, temper, specimen type, and test results.<\/p><p>Appendix: Density values for common aluminum and copper alloys to facilitate thickness calculations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-514bdea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"514bdea\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6aa3e29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6aa3e29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Referenced Standards<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8707b1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8707b1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ASTM E4: Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines.<\/p><p>ASTM E6: Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing.<\/p><p>ASTM E8\/E8M: Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials.<\/p><p>ASTM E29: Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data.<\/p><p>ASTM E252: Test Method for Thickness of Thin Foil and Film by Weighing.<\/p><p>ASTM E796: Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil (alternative for ductility).<\/p><p>ASTM B193: Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials (for density references).<\/p><p>ISO 15578: Metallic materials \u2014 Sheet and strip \u2014 Determination of plastic strain ratio r (often relevant for foil formability).<\/p><p>ASTM E796: Specifically addresses ductility testing for foils where tension elongation is unreliable.<\/p><p>IPC TM-650: Test methods for printed board materials (often references foil tensile properties).<\/p><p>JIS Z 2241: Japanese standard for tensile testing of metallic materials (includes thin sheet provisions).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90987e6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"90987e6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e528679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e528679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Environment:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2bbded elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2bbded\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Temperature: Room temperature (standard laboratory conditions).<\/p><p>Atmosphere: Ambient air. No special environmental controls are specified unless required by material specifications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c55c58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c55c58\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-079a14f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"079a14f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test Procedure:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-963a893 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"963a893\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol>\n \t<li>Specimen Selection: Choose Type A (machined) or Type B (sheared) based on material specification and hardness.<\/li>\n \t<li>Preparation:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nType A: Machine in packs using a milling cutter, potentially interleaved with protective sheets. Polish edges if necessary.\n\nType B: Shear using a double-bladed cutter with lubrication.\n<ol start=\"3\">\n \t<li>Inspection: Examine all specimens at 20x magnification. Reject any with scratches, creases, or rough edges.<\/li>\n \t<li>Thickness Measurement:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nSoft\/Thin (\u22640.002 in.): Weigh at least two specimens together. Calculate thickness using\n\nT=W\/(AD)\u00a0and known density.\n\nHard\/Thick (&gt;0.001 in.): Measure with an optimeter or micrometer at multiple points.\n<ol start=\"5\">\n \t<li>Width Measurement: Measure width to the nearest 0.001 in.<\/li>\n \t<li>Grip Setup:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n&gt;0.003 in.: Use wedge grips with 320-grit buffer paper.\n\n&lt;0.003 in.: Use smooth face grips with calculated pressure.\n<ol start=\"7\">\n \t<li>Alignment: Ensure specimen axis coincides with the machine center line to avoid bending.<\/li>\n \t<li>Testing:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nApply load at a rate not exceeding 100 ksi\/min until near yield.\n\nFor yield determination, maintain strain rate between 0.002 and 0.010 in.\/in.\u00b7min.\n\nAfter yield, increase speed but do not exceed 0.5 in.\/in. per min.\n<ol start=\"9\">\n \t<li>Data Recording: Record maximum load, yield point\/strength, and elongation (via gage marks or grip separation).<\/li>\n<li>\nPost-Test: Check fracture location. If outside the valid zone, discard and retest.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Metallic Foil Tension Testing? Metallic foil tension testing, as defined by ASTM E345, is a specialized mechanical evaluation method designed to determine the strength and ductility of metallic materials in very thin gauges (less than 0.006 in. or 0.150 mm). Unlike standard tensile tests for bulk materials (ASTM E8), this standard addresses the [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-application"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.5 (Yoast SEO v22.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>Industry Standard \u2013 Metals \u2013 ASTM E345-93\u00a0\u2013 Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil - SinoTest Testing Systems<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.camcjsw-testmachines.com\/ru\/industry-standard-metals-astm-e345-93-standard-test-methods-of-tension-testing-of-metallic-foil\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Industry Standard \u2013 Metals \u2013 ASTM E345-93\u00a0\u2013 Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is Metallic Foil Tension Testing? Metallic foil tension testing, as defined by ASTM E345, is a specialized mechanical evaluation method designed to determine the strength and ductility of metallic materials in very thin gauges (less than 0.006 in. or 0.150 mm). 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